Apple Computer's Mac OS X is one among the hundreds of Unix-based operating systems.It is similar to 'common' Unices in some ways, and vastly different in others. Linux users may be interested in exploring Mac OS X to explore another common flavor of Unix, and they'll find that in many ways it is the same, but in some it is very, very different.
- Mac Os X For Linux Users Manual
- Compare Os X To Linux
- Mac Os X For Linux Users Windows 10
- Mac Os X Linux
OS X versus Linux. OS X and Linux users share a similar desire to avoid using Windows. But after that the two groups often split apart when it comes to the question of OS X versus Linux. Linux is an Open source operating system so users do not need to pay money to use to Linux. Mac OS is a product of Apple Company it is not open source product so to use Mac OS users need to pay money then the only user will be able to use it. Mac Computers are very expensive this is one of a disadvantage of Mac OS. The Mac might enjoy a smaller installed base than Windows does, meaning there's less of. Any modern personal computer with Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, or FreeBSD can participate. The How it Works page answers many questions you may have before downloading the software. You must also agree to the GIMPS free software license.
History
Mac OS X was first released in 1999 in the form of Mac OS X Server 1.01. It looked very much like earlier releases of the 'classic' Mac OS, but underneath it was based on something very different: Unix. About two years later, Mac OS X was released for Apple's desktop systems with a new look and new features. Several versions of Mac OS X have been released since that time, most recently Mac OS X 10.4 'Tiger' in 2005.
The Unix underpinnings of OS X are derived from the Unix-based NeXTstep (also known as NextStep, NeXTSTEP, NEXTSTEP, OpenStep, and OPENSTEP), created by NeXT Computer, a company founded by one of Apple's founders after he departed the company in 1985. NeXTstep included a number of features revolutionary at the time of its introduction including system-wide drag and drop, system-wide piped services, 3D widgets, and other features common today2. NeXT was purchased by Apple in 1997, and NeXTstep became the foundation of Mac OS X.
Before acquiring NeXT, Apple explored the possibility of buying Be Incorporated to build a next-generation Mac OS based on the BeOS operating system.
Individuals who have a valid authorized need to access DoD Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)- protected information but do not have access to a government site or government-furnished equipment will need to configure their systems to access PKI-protected content.
Accessing DoD PKI-protected information is most commonly achieved using the PKI certificates stored on your Common Access Card (CAC). The certificates on your CAC can allow you to perform routine activities such as accessing OWA, signing documents, and viewing other PKI-protected information online. For more information about your CAC and the information stored on it, visit http://www.cac.mil.
Before you begin, make sure you know your organization's policies regarding remote use.
Windows
Mac Os X For Linux Users Manual
To get started you will need:
- CAC
- Card reader
- Middleware (if necessary, depending on your operating system version)
You can get started using your CAC by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader.
At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is to work with your home component to get one. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding the requirements for a card reader. - Install middleware, if necessary.
You may need additional middleware, depending on the operating system you use. Please contact your CC/S/A for more information on the middleware requirements for your organization. You can find their contact information on our Contact Us tab. - Install DoD root certificates with InstallRoot (32-bit, 64-bit or Non Administrator).
In order for your machine to recognize your CAC certificates and DoD websites as trusted, run the InstallRoot utility (32-bit, 64-bit or Non Administrator) to install the DoD CA certificates on Microsoft operating systems. If you're running an alternate operating system such as Mac OS or Linux, you can import certificates from the PKCS 7 bundle. The InstallRoot User Guide is available here. - Make certificates available to your operating system and/or browser, if necessary.
Pick your browser for specific instructions.
Mac
To get started you will need:
Bluetooth keyboard for mac os. Apple Wireless Mouse, Magic Mouse, and Magic Mouse 2 can be used on most smooth surfaces. If tracking issues occur, try these options:.
Compare Os X To Linux
- CAC (see note below)
- Card reader
You can get started using your CAC on your Mac OS X system by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader
Typically Macs do not come with card readers and therefore an external card reader is necessary. At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is through working with your home component. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding card reader requirements. - Download and install the OS X Smartcard Services package
The OS X Smartcard Services Package allows a Mac to read and communicate with a smart card. In order for your machine to recognize your CAC certificates and DoD websites as trusted, the installer will load the DoD CA certificates on OS X. Please refer to this page for specific installation instructions. - Address the cross-certificate chaining Issue
These instructions walk through adjusting the trust settings on the Interoperability Root CA (IRCA) > DoD Root CA 2 and the US DoD CCEB IRCA 1 > DoD Root CA 2 certificates to prevent cross-certificate chaining issues. This can make it appear that your certificates are issued by roots other than the DoD Root CA 2 and can prevent access to DoD websites. - Configure Chrome and Safari, if necessary
Safari and Google Chrome rely on Keychain Access properly recognizing your CAC certificates.- In Finder, navigate to Go > Utilities and launch KeychainAccess.app
- Verify that your CAC certificates are recognized and displayed in Keychain Access
Note: CACs are currently made of different kinds of card stock. To determine what card stock you have, look at the back of your CAC above the magnetic strip. Most CACs are supported by the Smartcard Services package, however Oberthur ID One 128 v5.5 CACs are not. Third party middleware is available that will support these CACS; two such options are Thursby Software's PKard and Centrify's Express for Smart Card.
The Unix underpinnings of OS X are derived from the Unix-based NeXTstep (also known as NextStep, NeXTSTEP, NEXTSTEP, OpenStep, and OPENSTEP), created by NeXT Computer, a company founded by one of Apple's founders after he departed the company in 1985. NeXTstep included a number of features revolutionary at the time of its introduction including system-wide drag and drop, system-wide piped services, 3D widgets, and other features common today2. NeXT was purchased by Apple in 1997, and NeXTstep became the foundation of Mac OS X.
Before acquiring NeXT, Apple explored the possibility of buying Be Incorporated to build a next-generation Mac OS based on the BeOS operating system.
Individuals who have a valid authorized need to access DoD Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)- protected information but do not have access to a government site or government-furnished equipment will need to configure their systems to access PKI-protected content.
Accessing DoD PKI-protected information is most commonly achieved using the PKI certificates stored on your Common Access Card (CAC). The certificates on your CAC can allow you to perform routine activities such as accessing OWA, signing documents, and viewing other PKI-protected information online. For more information about your CAC and the information stored on it, visit http://www.cac.mil.
Before you begin, make sure you know your organization's policies regarding remote use.
Windows
Mac Os X For Linux Users Manual
To get started you will need:
- CAC
- Card reader
- Middleware (if necessary, depending on your operating system version)
You can get started using your CAC by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader.
At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is to work with your home component to get one. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding the requirements for a card reader. - Install middleware, if necessary.
You may need additional middleware, depending on the operating system you use. Please contact your CC/S/A for more information on the middleware requirements for your organization. You can find their contact information on our Contact Us tab. - Install DoD root certificates with InstallRoot (32-bit, 64-bit or Non Administrator).
In order for your machine to recognize your CAC certificates and DoD websites as trusted, run the InstallRoot utility (32-bit, 64-bit or Non Administrator) to install the DoD CA certificates on Microsoft operating systems. If you're running an alternate operating system such as Mac OS or Linux, you can import certificates from the PKCS 7 bundle. The InstallRoot User Guide is available here. - Make certificates available to your operating system and/or browser, if necessary.
Pick your browser for specific instructions.
Mac
To get started you will need:
Bluetooth keyboard for mac os. Apple Wireless Mouse, Magic Mouse, and Magic Mouse 2 can be used on most smooth surfaces. If tracking issues occur, try these options:.
Compare Os X To Linux
- CAC (see note below)
- Card reader
You can get started using your CAC on your Mac OS X system by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader
Typically Macs do not come with card readers and therefore an external card reader is necessary. At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is through working with your home component. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding card reader requirements. - Download and install the OS X Smartcard Services package
The OS X Smartcard Services Package allows a Mac to read and communicate with a smart card. In order for your machine to recognize your CAC certificates and DoD websites as trusted, the installer will load the DoD CA certificates on OS X. Please refer to this page for specific installation instructions. - Address the cross-certificate chaining Issue
These instructions walk through adjusting the trust settings on the Interoperability Root CA (IRCA) > DoD Root CA 2 and the US DoD CCEB IRCA 1 > DoD Root CA 2 certificates to prevent cross-certificate chaining issues. This can make it appear that your certificates are issued by roots other than the DoD Root CA 2 and can prevent access to DoD websites. - Configure Chrome and Safari, if necessary
Safari and Google Chrome rely on Keychain Access properly recognizing your CAC certificates.- In Finder, navigate to Go > Utilities and launch KeychainAccess.app
- Verify that your CAC certificates are recognized and displayed in Keychain Access
Note: CACs are currently made of different kinds of card stock. To determine what card stock you have, look at the back of your CAC above the magnetic strip. Most CACs are supported by the Smartcard Services package, however Oberthur ID One 128 v5.5 CACs are not. Third party middleware is available that will support these CACS; two such options are Thursby Software's PKard and Centrify's Express for Smart Card.
Linux
To get started you will need: Utorrent for a mac download.
- CAC
- Card reader
- Middleware
You can get started using your CAC with Firefox on Linux machines by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader.
At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is to work with your home component to get one. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding the requirements for a card reader. - Obtain middleware.
You will need middleware for Linux to communicate with the CAC. The CoolKey PKCS#11 module provides access to the CAC and can be installed using Linux package management commands.- For Debian-based distributions, use the command apt-get install coolkey
- For Fedora-based distributions, use the command yum install coolkey. The CoolKey PKCS #11 module version 1.1.0 release 15 ships with RHEL 5.7 and above and is located at /usr/lib/pkcs11/libcoolkeypk11.so.
If you prefer to build CoolKey from source, instructions are included in the Configuring Firefox for the CAC guide.
- Configure Firefox to trust the DoD PKI and use the CAC.
To configure Firefox to communicate with the CAC, follow these steps to install the DoD root and intermediate CA certificates into the Firefox NSS trust store, load the CoolKey library, and ensure the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is being used to perform revocation checking.
Mac Os X For Linux Users Windows 10
Next Steps
Mac Os X Linux
Your internet browser is now configured to access DoD websites using the certificates on your CAC. Now that your machine is properly configured, please login and visit our End Users page for more information on using the PKI certificates on your CAC.
